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成人高考高起点英语考点总结:名词

  A、常见的不可数名词

  1.Fluids(流体):

  air空气, smoke烟, water水, oil油, ink墨木, juice果汁,

  rain雨水, tea茶, coffee咖啡, wine酒,beer啤酒

  2.Substances(物质):

  paper纸, glass玻璃,wood木头,iron铁, chalk粉笔,

  fruit水果,meat肉, beef牛肉, mutton羊肉,chicken鸡肉,

  sugar糖, salt盐, rice米, sand沙子, dust灰尘,

  gold黄金

  3.Abstracts(抽象名词):

  health健康, wealth财富, honesty诚实, friendship友谊,

  wisdom智慧, attention注意力,luck运气, progress进步,

  work工作, room空间, news新闻, information消息,

  love爱, trouble 麻烦, happiness幸福, silence寂静

  4.Subjects(学科):

  physics物理, chemistry化学, mathematics数学,history历史,

  geography地理, English英语, biology生物, music音乐

  B. 、可数名词的复数形式

  1.直接在词尾加-s,如 desks, maps, cats, pens cars, farms

  2.以-s, -x, -ch, sh结尾的词加-es :glasses, classes, buses, boxes, foxes, watches, matches, brushes, dishes(例外:stomachs 胃)

  3.以-O 结尾的词:

  Negroes, heres, potatoes, tomatoes(有生命的名词加-es);

  photos, pianos, kilos, radios, zoos studios(无生命的名词加-es)

  4.辅音字母+y 结尾的,把y 变为i再加es :

  city-cities, story-stories, baby-babies, dictionary-dictionaries,

  factory- factories, fly- flies, diary-diaries

  但是,元音字母+y——直接+s toy——toys

  5.以 -f, -fe结尾的单词,去掉f,-fe 再加 ves:

  knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives, wolf-wolves,

  thief-thieves, leaf-leaves

  例外:roof-roofs屋顶, belief-beliefs信仰, gulf-gulfs海湾

  safe-safes, handkerchief-handker chiefs手帕

  6.特殊变化:

  man-men woman→woman

  child→children, tooth→teeth,

  goose→geese鹅 foot→feet,

  mouse→mice, looker-on→lookers-on 旁观者

  passer-by→passers-by过路人,

  editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编辑,

  man-doctor→men doctors,

  woman-doctor→women doctors;

  fish, deer, Chinese, sheep单复数同形。

  C、 只有复数形式的名词

  1.下列名词,只有复数形式,只能接复数形式的动词:

  clothes衣服, fireworks烟火, wages工资, thanks谢意,

  remains残留物,sweets糖果

  2.由相同两部分构成的名词,只有复数形式,只能接复数形式的动词:

  scissors剪刀, glasses眼镜, trousers裤子,shoes鞋,

  socks袜, gloves手套

  这些名词如表示数量,要以 pair为单位,如:

  a pair of shoes一双鞋 two pairs of shoes 两双鞋

  a pair of glasses一副眼镜 two pairs of glasses两副眼镜

  3.某些集合名词,本身即为复数,所以不能加-s,也不能以one, a, every等词来修饰,如:

  this people(×) these peoples(×) these people(√)

  that police(×) those polices(×) those police(√)